![]() The study involved passively viewing blocks of images presented at 1 Hz, including faces, objects, and finely scrambled images. One of us (ND) experienced a remarkable example of this while participating in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment a few years ago. The human visual system is well equipped to detect subtle order in the environment at the same time, it has an astonishing capacity to impose order where none in fact exists. Based on our findings, we argue that IAM provides a powerful tool to study the mechanisms, constraints, and individual differences in the perception of illusory motion. In Experiment 2 ( N = 60), we induced rotational IAM on an annulus-shaped display, and show that the topology of the display (whether the annulus is complete or has a gap) determines whether or not the rebounding bias is present. ![]() ![]() In Experiment 1 ( N = 119), we induced translational apparent motion patterns and show that both drifting motion (e.g., up-up-up-up) and rebounding motion (e.g., up-down-up-down) persists throughout many frames of uncorrelated random dots, although rebounding motion tends to persist for longer (a rebounding bias). To quantify this illusion, we devised a persistence task in which observers are primed with a particular motion pattern and must indicate when the motion pattern ends. We term this effect illusory apparent motion (IAM). We report a novel phenomenon in which long sequences of random dot arrays refreshing at 2.5 Hz lead to persistent illusory percepts of coherent apparent motion.
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